Nasal polyps

Causes

Nasal polyps are most often associated with allergic conditions, chronic sinusitis, asthma and aspirin sensitivity. Patients with cystic fibrosis have a higher incidence than normal of nasal polyps.

Symptoms and signs

In most cases, the patient has nasal congestion, and breathes through the mouth. Signs of allergy may be seen, and the patient may have lost his sense of smell (anosmia). Bleeding from polyps may be bothersome.

In the nose, polyps look like small grayish clusters of grapes. Some may be quite large, totally blocking the nose.

Treatment

Medical treatment involves topical or systemic steroids, and antibiotics if indicated.

Most large polyps, and those not responding to medical treatment, need surgical removal – this is done by endoscopic surgery. Analysis of the removed polyp is mandatory, as a very small percentage may be malignant. Continued steroid spray and sinus rinses after surgery are used to prevent recurrences.

Any underlying conditions contributing to the formation of polyps must also receive ongoing treatment. Allergies and sinusitis need aggressive management.

Despite these measures, some polyps do recur, and need repeat surgery.

Outcome

The immediate outcome of polyp surgery is excellent, with good relief of symptoms.

There is a small recurrence rate after surgery.

(Dr AG Hall)

The information provided in this article was correct at the time of publishing. At Mediclinic we endeavour to provide our patients and readers with accurate and reliable information, which is why we continually review and update our content. However, due to the dynamic nature of clinical information and medicine, some information may from time to time become outdated prior to revision.